The author formulates some statements about culture, which is not a marginal and secondary aspect of human life, but a field of structural and semantic performance which limits the scope of those personal relationships and values which govern personal and collective life. Culture makes its appearance as a system of signs. There is its structural and semantic value. Speaking of Neohellenic culture, we must understand it as a culture which has as linguistic reference the Greek language. After this, the author studies Neohellenic literature, applying general criteria: nature-culture relationship, nature-good relationship, mysticism-rationalism relationship, individual-society relationship, etc.